Multiple vitamin overdose

Injury	Disease	Nutrition	Poison

Symptoms	Surgery	Test	Special Topic

Multiple vitamin overdose

Definition:

Multiple vitamin overdose is poisoning from swallowing more than the recommended amount of multiple vitamins.

Poisonous Ingredient:

Any ingredient in a multiple vitamin supplement can be toxic in large amounts, but the most serious risk comes from iron or calcium.

Where Found:

Numerous vitamin supplementation combinations

Note: This list may not be all inclusive.

Symptoms:

Body as a whole
- Bone pain
- Sun-sensitive (more likely to sunburn)
- Cloudy urine
- Headache
- Increase amount of urine output
- Increase need to urinate
- Irritability
- Joint pain
- Loss of hair (from chronic overdose)
- Mental changes
- Mood changes
- Muscle pain
- Muscle weakness
Eyes, ears, nose, and throat
- Dry, cracking lips (from chronic overdose)
- Increased sensitivity of the eyes to light
- Irritation of the eyes
Skin
- Flushing (from Vitamin B3)
- Dry cracking skin
- Itching
- Yellow-orange discoloration of areas of the skin
Gastrointestinal
- Loss of appetite
- Constipation (from iron or calcium)
- Nausea and vomiting
- Stomach pain
- Weight loss (from chronic overdose)
Nervous system
- Convulsions (seizures)
Cardiovascular
- Electrical disturbances (arrhythmias) in the heart

Home Treatment:

Do NOT induce emesis (vomiting), unless instructed to do so by Poison Control or by a physician. For any acute or suspected overdose, seek emergency medical care immediately.

Before Calling Emergency:

Determine the following information:

Patient's age, weight, and condition
The name of the product (ingredients and strengths, if known)
When it was swallowed
The amount swallowed

Poison Control, or a local emergency number:

Call Poison Control or your local emergency number -- they will instruct you if it is necessary to take the patient to the hospital. See Poison Control centers for telephone numbers and addresses. Take the container with you to the emergency room.

What to expect at the emergency room:

Some or all of the following procedures may be performed:

Placing a tube down the nose and into the stomach (a nasogastric or NG tube) to wash out the stomach
Administering activated charcoal
Taking a blood sample
Giving IV fluids
Admission to the hospital
Treating the symptoms
Checking vitamin A levels in the blood
Giving iron antidote or calcium antidote

Expectations (prognosis):

Niacin flush (Vitamin B3) is uncomfortable, but lasts only 2-8 hours. Vitamins A and D may cause symptoms when large daily doses are taken, but are rarely toxic in a single ingestion. The B vitamins rarely produce any symptoms. Iron and calcium overdoses have good prognoses, if treated early.

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